Quick Answer
Vestibular rehabilitation therapy uses specific exercises to compensate for vestibular dysfunction. Gaze stabilisation, habituation and balance training are the three pillars.
Medically reviewed by Dr. Jitendra Prasad Yadav • NMC 8029 • Kathmandu Neurology Clinic & Cognitive Center
Vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT) is an evidence-based exercise programme designed to promote central nervous system compensation for vestibular dysfunction. It uses three core exercise categories: gaze stabilisation, habituation, and balance training, each targeting different aspects of vestibular impairment.
Gaze stabilisation exercises train the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) to maintain clear vision during head movement. The basic exercise involves holding a target (such as a letter on a card) at arm's length and moving the head side-to-side, then up-and-down while keeping the target in focus, starting slowly and gradually increasing speed. Habituation exercises reduce dizziness triggered by repeated exposure to specific movements or environments. Examples include sitting in a rocking chair, turning quickly in a swivel chair, or walking through environments that provoke symptoms — the key principle is controlled, repeated exposure with gradual progression. Balance training redevelops postural stability through exercises such as standing on one leg, tandem walking (heel-to-toe), and standing on foam surfaces with eyes open then closed.
Dr. Jitendra Prasad Yadav — consultant neurologist & headache specialist at Kathmandu Neurology Clinic & Cognitive Center provides evidence-based evaluation for vertigo.
VRT benefits patients with persistent vestibular dysfunction most: chronic unilateral vestibular hypofunction (such as after vestibular neuritis), bilateral vestibular loss, persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD), and vestibular migraine. It is less useful in acute vestibular episodes, where rest and medication are more appropriate, and in conditions where the underlying cause requires treatment first (such as acoustic neuroma or Meniere's disease). A home exercise programme with progressive difficulty is essential, as consistency determines outcome. At Kathmandu Neurology Clinic & Cognitive Center, Dr. Jitendra Prasad Yadav (NMC 8029) assesses vestibular function and designs individualised rehabilitation programmes at Durbar Marg, Opposite of Yak & Yeti Hotel.
This article is educational and does not replace individual medical advice.
Frequently asked questions
Answers reviewed by Dr. Jitendra Prasad Yadav • MBBS, MD (Internal Medicine), FICN (Neurology), FCNV, FIHM • NMC 8029
Vertigo is a subtype of dizziness; other forms include lightheadedness and imbalance, each suggesting different causes.
BPPV (Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo) causes brief spinning with head movement. Positional maneuvers performed by a healthcare provider are often effective.
Cervical sensations can coexist, but dizziness is often multifactorial and needs systematic assessment rather than assuming a single neck cause.
Yes; vertigo is the sensation of spinning. Dizziness is a broader term including lightheadedness, unsteadiness, and near-fainting. Different causes underlie each.
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References & Review
Reviewed by Dr. Jitendra Prasad Yadav • Last reviewed: 2026-09-04
- International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (ICHD-3).
- Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine — Neurology sections.
- American Academy of Neurology guidelines for selected conditions (where applicable).
Content is educational and aligns with standard medical references; individual evaluation may vary. External links provide context and do not imply endorsement.