What is sleep apnea?
OSA causes repeated breathing pauses during sleep due to upper airway obstruction — affecting 10–30% of adults. Increases stroke risk 2–3x and contributes to hypertension, diabetes and cognitive decline.
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Symptoms
Loud snoring, witnessed breathing pauses, gasping/choking, excessive daytime sleepiness, morning headaches, dry mouth, difficulty concentrating, irritability.
Diagnosis and treatment
Polysomnography or home sleep test confirms diagnosis. CPAP is first-line — highly effective. Alternatives: oral appliances, positional therapy, weight loss, surgery.