What is Meniere's disease?
Meniere's disease causes episodic attacks of vertigo (20 min–12+ hours), fluctuating hearing loss, tinnitus and ear fullness — usually in one ear. Caused by abnormal fluid pressure in the inner ear.
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Diagnosis
Clinical criteria: ≥2 spontaneous vertigo episodes lasting 20 min–12 hours, audiometrically documented low-frequency hearing loss, fluctuating aural symptoms, exclusion of other causes. MRI rules out acoustic neuroma.
Treatment
Acute: vestibular suppressants and antiemetics. Preventive: low-salt diet, diuretics, betahistine. Intratympanic steroids or gentamicin for refractory cases. Surgical options for severe cases.