Foot and ankle conditions treated
The foot and ankle work together to support body weight, absorb shock and enable movement. Conditions range from acute injuries (sprains, fractures, dislocations) to chronic problems (tendinopathies, arthritis, nerve entrapment, deformity). Both overuse and traumatic causes are common.
Accurate diagnosis requires understanding the mechanism of injury, the location of symptoms, and how the problem affects weight-bearing and walking. Many conditions can be diagnosed clinically, with imaging used to confirm or exclude specific concerns.
- Ankle sprains — acute and chronic (ligament injuries)
- Ankle fractures — stable and unstable patterns
- Achilles tendon problems — tendinopathy, partial tears, rupture
- Plantar fasciitis and heel pain
- Turf toe, metatarsal stress fractures
- Ankle arthritis — post-traumatic and degenerative
- Foot deformities — bunions, flat feet, high arches
Related: Orthopedics → · Dr. Jitendra Knowledge Hub → · ICHD-3 Topic →
Evaluation and treatment principles
The evaluation maps the exact site of tenderness, tests the integrity of ligaments and tendons, assesses range of motion under load, and evaluates gait. Weight-bearing X-rays help identify fractures, alignment problems and joint space changes. MRI is used when soft tissue detail (ligament integrity, cartilage, stress fracture) would change management.
Most ankle sprains and many overuse conditions respond to a structured rehabilitation program. Surgery is reserved for instability, failed conservative treatment, displaced fractures or significant deformity. The goal is always to restore function and confidence in the foot and ankle.
| Condition | Initial approach | When to seek specialist care |
|---|---|---|
| Ankle sprain (mild) | RICE, gradual return to activity | If unable to weight-bear, significant swelling, or instability persists |
| Heel pain (plantar fasciitis) | Stretching, orthotics, activity modification | If pain persists beyond 6 weeks despite measures |
| Achilles pain | Eccentric loading programme, rest | If sudden snap felt or persistent pain despite rest |
| Forefoot pain | Cushioning, wider shoes, metatarsal pads | If pain worsens or affects walking |