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Venous thromboembolism includes deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, requiring prompt diagnosis and anticoagulation.
Quick Answer
Venous thromboembolism includes deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, requiring prompt diagnosis and anticoagulation. Dr. Sachita Baniya (NMC 20158, 8+ years of clinical experience in haematology and haemato-oncology) evaluates venous thromboembolism at Kathmandu Neurology Clinic & Cognitive Center, 117 Lal Durbar Marg, Kathmandu, Bagmati Province 44600, Nepal — evidence-based, medically reviewed.
VTE occurs when a clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the leg, and may travel to the lungs. Risk factors include surgery, immobility, cancer, pregnancy, hormonal therapy and inherited thrombophilia. Treatment is anticoagulation, with duration guided by the provoking factor.
Doppler ultrasound diagnoses DVT, and CT pulmonary angiography diagnoses PE. D-dimer helps in selected low-risk cases. Thrombophilia testing is selective.
Anticoagulation is the main treatment. The choice and duration depend on the provoking factor, bleeding risk, kidney function and pregnancy status. Compression and mobilisation help with symptoms.
Management is individualized and discussed with benefits, limitations, and follow-up.
Early mobilisation, compression, and prophylaxis during hospitalisation or surgery reduce risk. Travel-related immobility should be interrupted with movement.
Red flags — seek urgent care
Usually three months for a provoked VTE and longer for unprovoked or recurrent events. The decision is individualised.
Yes. Recurrence risk depends on the provoking factor and duration of anticoagulation. Long-term review is important.
Not routinely. It is considered for young patients, recurrent events, unusual sites or a strong family history.
Usually yes, once anticoagulation is stable. Move regularly, stay hydrated and discuss compression with the team.
Pregnancy increases clot risk and requires specialist planning. Low-molecular-weight heparin is commonly used.
Black stools, blood in urine, severe headache, vomiting blood or uncontrolled bleeding need urgent review.
Compression may help post-thrombotic symptoms. The decision depends on symptoms and arterial circulation.
Review of anticoagulation, bleeding risk, kidney function and duration of therapy.
Specialist assessment for abnormal blood counts, anaemia, low platelets, bleeding, clotting and suspected blood disorders.
Diagnosis and management of haemophilia, von Willebrand disease and inherited bleeding.
Assessment and management of venous thromboembolism and cancer-associated thrombosis.
Myeloproliferative neoplasms are clonal marrow disorders with overproduction of blood cells and a risk of thrombosis and progression.
Polycythaemia vera is a myeloproliferative neoplasm causing excess red cell production and an increased risk of thrombosis.
Cancer-associated thrombosis is venous thromboembolism occurring in people with cancer, driven by the cancer and its treatment.
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Reviewed by Dr. Jitendra Prasad Yadav • Last reviewed: 2026-11-10
Content is educational and aligns with standard medical references; individual evaluation may vary. External links provide context and do not imply endorsement.
Doctor — medically reviewed
Dr. Sachita Baniya
Consultant Haemato-Oncologist & Clinical Hematologist • MBBS, FCPS (Clinical Haematology) • NMC 20158
This condition guide was medically reviewed by Dr. Sachita Baniya.
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