Loading…
Loading…
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by symmetric inflammation of the joints, leading to pain, swelling, stiffness, and potential joint destruction if not treated early.
Quick Answer
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by symmetric inflammation of the joints, leading to pain, swelling, stiffness, and potential joint destruction if not treated early. Dr. Shree Narayan Yadav (NMC 14227, Experienced clinical practice in internal medicine and rheumatology) evaluates rheumatoid arthritis at Kathmandu Neurology Clinic & Cognitive Center, Durbar Marg, Opposite of Yak & Yeti Hotel, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal — evidence-based, medically reviewed.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the synovial lining of joints, causing chronic inflammation. It typically affects the small joints of the hands and feet in a symmetric pattern, though any joint can be involved. Beyond joints, RA can affect the lungs, heart, eyes, and blood vessels. Early diagnosis and treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) significantly improve long-term outcomes and reduce the risk of irreversible joint damage. Evaluation by a rheumatologist, including assessment of inflammatory markers and autoimmune serology, is essential for optimal management.
Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical findings (symmetric polyarthritis, morning stiffness), elevated inflammatory markers (CRP, ESR), and positive serological tests (rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies). Imaging including X-rays and musculoskeletal ultrasound helps assess joint damage. Classification criteria such as the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria support diagnosis in early disease.
Treatment follows a treat-to-target strategy aiming for remission or low disease activity. Conventional DMARDs such as methotrexate are first-line, often combined with short-term corticosteroids during flares. Biologic DMARDs (TNF inhibitors, IL-6 inhibitors, rituximab) or targeted synthetic DMARDs (JAK inhibitors) are used when conventional therapy is insufficient. Physical and occupational therapy support joint function and quality of life. Dr. Shree Narayan Yadav (NMC 14227) provides rheumatology consultation and individualized treatment planning.
Management is individualized and discussed with benefits, limitations, and follow-up.
There is no proven way to prevent RA. Early treatment reduces joint damage and disability. Smoking cessation, maintaining a healthy weight, and regular physical activity support overall health in people with RA.
No. RA is an autoimmune inflammatory condition, while osteoarthritis is a degenerative wear-and-tear condition. RA causes symmetric joint inflammation and systemic symptoms; osteoarthritis typically affects weight-bearing joints with mechanical pain.
There is currently no cure for RA, but with early and appropriate treatment, many patients achieve remission or good disease control. The goal of modern treatment is to prevent joint damage and maintain function.
First-line treatment is methotrexate, a conventional DMARD. Other options include biologics such as TNF inhibitors, IL-6 inhibitors, and JAK inhibitors. Short-term corticosteroids may bridge therapy during flares.
If you have symmetric joint pain and morning stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes, positive rheumatoid factor or anti-CCP antibodies, or elevated inflammatory markers with joint swelling, referral to a rheumatologist is recommended.
Yes. RA can affect the lungs (interstitial lung disease), heart, eyes (scleritis, dry eyes), and blood vessels. Regular monitoring for extra-articular manifestations is part of comprehensive care.
Comprehensive evaluation for joint pain, swelling, stiffness, and autoimmune conditions by Dr. Shree Narayan Yadav (NMC 14227), Consultant Physician & Joint and Autoimmune Disease Specialist.
Assessment and management for rheumatoid arthritis — morning stiffness, symmetric joint swelling, and erosive disease — with evidence-based treatment planning.
Specialized assessment for joint pain from inflammatory and autoimmune causes — distinct from orthopedic and mechanical joint pain.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect virtually any organ system, including joints, skin, kidneys, blood, brain, and heart.
Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis caused by deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints, resulting in sudden, severe attacks of joint pain and swelling.
Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory disease primarily affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and potential fusion of the vertebrae.
Rheumatology
Rheumatoid Arthritis Overview: What Patients Need to Know
A comprehensive overview of rheumatoid arthritis — causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and modern treatment approaches for this common autoimmune joint disease.
Rheumatology
When to See a Rheumatologist: Signs You Should Not Ignore
Which symptoms warrant a rheumatology referral — joint swelling, prolonged stiffness, unexplained fatigue, and positive autoantibody tests.
Content on this website is for general educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. It is not a substitute for evaluation by a qualified healthcare professional. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified provider with any questions regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you have read on this website. In case of a medical emergency, contact emergency services immediately. No doctor–patient relationship is established by use of this site or by contacting the clinic through the site.
Reviewed by Dr. Jitendra Prasad Yadav • Last reviewed: 2026-09-04
Content is educational and aligns with standard medical references; individual evaluation may vary. External links provide context and do not imply endorsement.
Doctor — medically reviewed
Dr. Shree Narayan Yadav
Consultant Physician & Joint and Autoimmune Disease Specialist • MBBS (KU), MD-Internal Medicine (NAMS), MSc Clinical Rheumatology (USW, UK) • NMC 14227
This condition guide was medically reviewed by Dr. Shree Narayan Yadav.
On this site
Article information
Emergency
For sudden neurologic change, thunderclap headache, or seizure >5 min, seek emergency services now.