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Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal condition characterized by reduced bone density and deterioration of bone microarchitecture, increasing the risk of fractures.
Quick Answer
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal condition characterized by reduced bone density and deterioration of bone microarchitecture, increasing the risk of fractures. Dr. Bodh Raj Gautam (NMC 23071, Experienced clinical practice in orthopedic surgery, foot care, and podiatry) evaluates osteoporosis at Kathmandu Neurology Clinic & Cognitive Center, Durbar Marg, Opposite of Yak & Yeti Hotel, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal — evidence-based, medically reviewed.
Osteoporosis affects millions worldwide and is a major cause of fragility fractures, particularly of the spine, hip, and wrist. Bone remodeling becomes imbalanced, with bone resorption exceeding formation, leading to porous and fragile bones. Risk increases with age, hormonal changes, nutritional deficiencies, and certain medications. Early detection through bone density testing and appropriate intervention can reduce fracture risk significantly.
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan of the hip and spine is the standard for measuring bone mineral density. T-score of -2.5 or below indicates osteoporosis. Laboratory evaluation may include calcium, vitamin D, thyroid function, and bone turnover markers. FRAX tool assesses 10-year fracture risk.
Management includes adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, weight-bearing and resistance exercise, fall prevention strategies, and pharmacological therapy when indicated. Bisphosphonates are first-line medications. Other options include denosumab, teriparatide, and selective estrogen receptor modulators depending on risk profile and patient factors.
Management is individualized and discussed with benefits, limitations, and follow-up.
Adequate calcium and vitamin D intake throughout life, regular weight-bearing and resistance exercise, smoking cessation, limiting alcohol intake, maintaining healthy body weight, and bone density screening for at-risk individuals.
No. While more common in women, osteoporosis also affects men, particularly after age 70. Men account for approximately 20% of osteoporotic fractures.
Bone density can be improved with appropriate treatment and lifestyle measures. Medications slow bone loss and may modestly increase bone density, though the bone quality improvements are as important as density changes.
Most adults need 1000 to 1200 mg of calcium daily from diet and supplements, and 800 to 1000 IU of vitamin D daily. Individual needs vary based on age, sex, and medical history.
Bisphosphonates are generally well-tolerated with long-term safety data. Rare side effects include osteonecrosis of the jaw and atypical femoral fractures. Treatment duration is reviewed periodically with your clinician.
Weight-bearing exercises such as walking, jogging, and dancing, and resistance training with weights or bands help maintain and build bone. Balance exercises reduce fall risk. High-impact or twisting exercises should be approached with caution if fractures are present.
Comprehensive neurological assessment for headache, dizziness, numbness, weakness, and other nerve and brain-related concerns.
Comprehensive evaluation for bone, joint, muscle, and musculoskeletal conditions by Dr. Bodh Raj Gautam (NMC 23071).
Evaluation and management of acute and chronic wounds, including diabetic ulcers, pressure injuries, and post-surgical wounds.
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Back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints, ranging from acute mechanical pain to chronic conditions affecting the spine, discs, and surrounding structures.
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Content on this website is for general educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. It is not a substitute for evaluation by a qualified healthcare professional. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified provider with any questions regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you have read on this website. In case of a medical emergency, contact emergency services immediately. No doctor–patient relationship is established by use of this site or by contacting the clinic through the site.
Reviewed by Dr. Jitendra Prasad Yadav • Last reviewed: 2026-09-04
Content is educational and aligns with standard medical references; individual evaluation may vary. External links provide context and do not imply endorsement.
Doctor — medically reviewed
Dr. Bodh Raj Gautam
Consultant Orthopedic Surgeon & Foot Nail Specialist • MBBS (KU), MS-Orthopedics (GMC), Cert. Podiatry & Diabetic Foot (India) • NMC 23071
This condition guide was medically reviewed by Dr. Bodh Raj Gautam.
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